The beginning of the year 2009, around March-April news emerged that scandalize the world. Swine Influenza, or more often called the Mexican swine flu and cause many victims died. It is reported that the virus originated from the collaboration between the flu virus in humans, poultry and pigs are very quickly spread to the most of people. Even according to the notes, the infection is far faster than bird flu infection. World again subside, many countries rush to prepare a strategy to prevent the fall of the victims more.

Until the 30th April 2009 death of Mexican citizens has reached 160 people and spreading its own has reached Europe. Because in this decade infecting virus in the Mexican flu pigs (swine flu) is also called the flu can Mexican (term of creativesimo).

Swine flu, has type H1N1 (H: Hemagglutinin, N: Neuraminidase) is a type of influenza A category that the virus is obtained from pigs, birds and humans, which was then incorporated in a new type of virus. Viruses are what and then developed into a pandemic. This potentially infectious disease spread quickly because the human body not previously been exposed and have no body resistance to fight virus exposure like this.

The spread of influenza virus from pigs to pigs can be pigs snout through contact, droplet or through air. Weather factors and stress will speed transmission. Virus will not last long in the open air. The disease can only survive long in the breeder pig or baby pigs. Maternal immunity can be seen up to 4 weeks but may not prevent infection, immunity can prevent the occurrence of active immunity.

Inter species transmission can occur, sub type H1N1 have competence infect between species, especially pigs, ducks, turkeys and humans, as well as sub-type H3N2 is a sub-type of influenza A. H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 is a 3 to subtype of influenza virus commonly found in the infecting pigs in North America, but also had sub-type H4N6 being isolated from pigs exposed to pneumonia in humans can be exposed to the disease influenza spread in the clinical and pigs. Cases of infection have been reported in workers at the piggery in Europe and the United States. Several cases of infection are confirmed caused by the stereotype of human origin. Disease in humans generally occurs in winter conditions. Transmission to a penned pig or can almost on open room through the air as the incident in France, and several outbreaks of disease in the UK. Pigs career as a classical disease in Denmark, Japan, Italy and possibly the UK have been reported.

Pigs had flu infecting Year 1918

In the 1918 flu infecting pigs had a sudden in Brest (France), Boston (United States) and Freetown (Sierra Leone), is a disease outbreak that shut down the mortality rate is going to reach 80%. Swine flu pandemic that killed 20-50 million people worldwide.

Swine flu pandemic began with a mild disease that appears in spring 1918, followed by a wave of death in six months. Scientists speculate that something has occurred in the virus after the first wave. One theory that the virus is suspected infects pigs or other mammals and having a mutation before reinfects to human in a form that is more deathly.

Swine flu in animals

In the event of disease outbreaks, often incubation period ranges from 1-2 days, but can be 2-7 days with an average of 4 days. This disease spreads very quickly almost 100% of swine exposed to the vulnerable, and marked with the apathetic, very weak, reluctant to move up because of interference or muscle stiffness and muscle pain, eritema on the skin, anorexia, fever up to 41.8oC. Coughing is very common when the disease is quite severe, at the same time with vomiting exudes mucus, sneezing, dispnu followed by redness in the eyes and seen the eye fluid. Usually recover in suddenly on the day to 5-7 after the clinical symptoms. There was a high mortality rate in baby pigs that was born from a sow is not immune, and infected at the time a few days after born. The mortality rate in older pigs is generally low, if not followed by complications. Total pig mortality is very low, usually less than 1%. Depending on the infection that followed, the death can reach 1-4%.

Some pigs will be seen depression and hampered growth. Children born from pigs infected mother pregnant at the time, it will be exposed at the age of 2-5 days after born, while the parent still show severe clinical symptoms. In some groups of pigs can be infected sub clinic and can only be detected with a sero conversion. Outbreaks of disease may be at a particular stop or can continue for up to 7 days. Outbreaks of disease that is atypical only found in some animals that have acute manifestations. Influenza also will aborts causes at the age of 3 days to 3 weeks of gestation when pigs are infected in the mid of second gestation. Degrees conception until birth happens during disease outbreaks will be reduced to 50% and the number of children born is declining.

Swine flu in humans

People who work with poultry and pigs have a high risk for exposure to infection of infectious disease among animals and humans (zoonosis). Never reported the incident from the pig transmission of influenza to workers, in 2004 by University of Iowa. Gen. outbreak in 2009 was evident in some reassortment strain influenza A subtype H1N1, including the strain endemic in humans and two strain endemic in the pig, such as avian influenza.

CDC reported that the symptoms and transmission of swine flu from humans to humans occurs as a seasonal flu outbreak, as usual fever, loss of appetite, fatigue and cough. Some experience sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The disease can spread from a trickle spread through sneezing, coughing from the sufferer.

Swine flu can not spread through pig products, is not transmitted through the means of food. Swine flu in humans most likely to spread in the 5 – 10 days after infection, especially in children and at the time the body is weak condition.

Signs:

• Fever
• Coughing
• Health on the body, head, or throat
• Cold
• Body feels weak
• Diarrhea and vomiting
• Failed breath

Immediately seek medical assistance if the child:

• Breath of rapid or difficulty breathing
• Bluish Skin
• Not drinking enough fluids
• No building or does not interact with other people
• Children become irascible and cranky, or does not want to be touched by others.
• Symptoms such as severe flu increases
• Fever accompanied by rash

Immediately seek medical assistance if an adult:

• Difficult breathing or short of breath
• Pain Management in the chest or stomach
• Headache that came suddenly
• Feeling confused
• Vomiting, vomiting is severe or ongoing

Preparation

Laboratory tests have found that the virus of swine influenza A (H1N1) are susceptible to antiviral drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir, and the CDC has issued guidelines for the use of this medicine to treat and prevent infection of swine flu virus. The vaccine used for influenza at the beginning of seasonal flu is not effective for this strain of virus. Antivirus others (eg, amantadine, rimantadine) are not recommended at this time because of resistance on the other influenza have occurred in a few years ago.

Supportive primary therapy (eg, fluid therapy, painkillers, cough press) should be given. Empirical antiviral treatment is important to consider the case of flu to pigs, either to be sure, still in the possibility or suspicion of this case. Treatment in-patients and patients with high risk for influenza complications should as a priority.

Use anti-virus in the 48 hours since ONSET symptoms are very important in relation to the effectiveness against the influenza virus. In the research on the seasonal flu, evidence to the treatment benefits better when treatment begins before 48 hours since ONSET disease. Despite that, some research on the treatment of flu that the many benefits, including reduced mortality or duration of Inpatient, even in patients who receive treatment more than 48 hours after ONSET disease. Duration of treatment is recommended for 5 days.

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza) work with preventing neuraminidase, an glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus that receptor damage to cells infected with the virus hemagglutinin. Prevent the virus neuraminidase, release of virus from infected cells and the spread of the virus will be reduced. Oseltamivir and Zanamivir is an effective therapy for influenza virus A or B and be drunk in the 48 hours since ONSET symptoms.

What should be done in order not to be?

There are a few things that can be done to prevent the spread of flu, such as ordinary flu, bird flu, swine flu, or this. First and most important is washing hands. Keep your overall health. Take rest or sleeping enough, keep physically active, control stress, drinking enough fluids, and eat nutritious food.

Try not to touch the surface or object that may be contaminated by flu virus. Avoid close contact with the patient.

To prevent transmission of flu to other people, there are some steps that can be done:

• Close the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with tissue, and remove tissue into the trash.
• Wash hands with soap and water, especially out every cough or sneeze. CDC recommends washing hands with soap and warm water for 15 to 20 seconds. Hand sanitizer gel form of IM is also quite effective.
• If you are suffering from influenza illness, CDC recommends you to stay at home and avoid contact with others to prevent transmission.

Is there a medication to treat people with swine flu?

Vaccines to prevent transmission of swine flu virus may not have been found, but according to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention or the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are drugs used to treat people with flu pigs. CDC recommends the use of antiviral oseltamivir or zanamivir for treatment and prevention of swine flu infection. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best when started as soon as possible after an illness (at least 2 days after the emergence of symptoms)

Swine Flu Prevention

For prevention of infection, is recommended for hand washing as often as possible with soap using alcohol-based sanitizer, especially if traveling in a public place. Avoid touching eyes, nose, and mouth, to clean hands before the first. If cough, close to the tissue immediately and to dispose of the trash, and wash hands again.

Swine flu viruses are susceptible to drugs such as amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir, but for the outbreak in 2009, the recommended treatment using oseltamivir and zanamivir. H1N1 vaccine for humans is not effective to protect against H1N1 swine flu, although the virus has same strain, but the antigenic is different.
At its core, prevention is the most simple and well done. Hand washing habits are one of the most prevention efforts easier and cheaper.